Godoi, Cintia Neves2024-03-132024-03-132023CARMO, André Luiz do. Educação e desenvolvimento: um estudo sobre a história do ensino superior no Brasil - excludente e seletivo desde sua gênese, e a importância das políticas públicas de acesso a ele em uma análise com enfoque na política do PROUNI. Goiânia (GO), 2023. 162 f. Dissertação (Mestrado Profissional em Desenvolvimento Regional) - Centro Universitário Alves Faria, 2023.https://repositorio.unialfa.com.br/handle/123456789/128The low rate of people accessing and completing higher education in Brazil proves to be a social, historical, and mainly low-income problem that affects low income students. This problem becomes even more worrisome when, for example, we compare the total percentage of Brazilians with a certificate of completion of higher education with data from other Latin American countries, where they appear in a much more comfortable situation than ours. Following the line of research in education and regional development, within the Professional Master's Degree in Regional Development, this investigation presents a clipping of the history of higher education in Brazil, highlighting factors that may have contributed to the small portion of Brazilians who have access to this level of education. In this scenario we proposed as a general objective of the research the analysis of the historical trajectory of the conformation of the structure of Brazilian Higher Education, its policies, structures and differentiations throughout the national historical process. And, as specific objectives we present as a proposal: to describe the genesis of higher education in Brazil as well as the historical context of the creation of the first higher education centers in our country; to analyze the trajectory and the main public policies of Higher Education in Brazil in the different periods of our history, and their reflexes in the expansion or restriction of access to this level of education by the general population (Historical Periods: Colonial Period; Imperial Period and the Republic, with highlights for the governments of Getúlio Vargas and the Period of Military Governments); understand the importance that education can play in the socioeconomic development and promotion of the regional development of a country. It was a bibliographic research, of exploratory-descriptive character, from the periodization of the national historical process with a survey of the main aspects related to the conformation of the structure of Brazilian Higher Education from colonial Brazil to the republic Brazil, and, challenges of the present time, represented by discussions, such as neoliberalism. The critical dialogue with the selected material was based on authors who deal with the theme. At the end of this research we detected that there was a transformation of access to higher education via PROUNI, with a significant number, if we consider that practically all these students are from low-income families, and, therefore, would not be able to attend and complete a higher education course without the support of public policies as in the specific case, PROUNI, which in a certain way can be understood as an alteration of a historical trajectory of exclusion of a large part of the population to the access of national higher education.ptDesenvolvimentoDesigualdade socialPROUNI