Santos Neto, Arnaldo Bastos2026-01-162026-01-162025MORAIS, Thais Evangelista Estrela. O mercado de carbono como instrumento de sustentabilidade e desenvolvimento rural: uma abordagem a partir dos princípios constitucionais da ordem econômica. Goiânia (GO), 2025. 106 f. Dissertação (Mestrado Profissional em Direito Constitucional Econômico) - Centro Universitário Alves Faria, 2025.http://repositorio.unialfa.com.br/handle/123456789/720This dissertation examines the carbon market and public policies aimed at promoting agriculture and sustainable rural development in Brazil, with emphasis on the legal, economic, and environmental elements that shape their implementation. It departs from the understanding that the current global context of climate change requires regulatory instruments capable of harmonizing economic growth, environmental protection, and social justice, particularly in the agricultural sector, which accounts for the largest share of national greenhouse gas emissions. The central research question investigates how legal and regulatory instruments of climate policy—especially carbon credit mechanisms—can reconcile economic development with environmental conservation, while overcoming persistent structural, institutional, and productive challenges in rural areas. The relevance of the study lies in the need to critically reflect on the normative and financial conditions capable of fostering sustainable practices and enabling the transition to a low-carbon economy. The general objective is to analyze the alignment of the carbon market with Brazil’s constitutional economic order, assessing whether this instrument is capable of promoting sustainability, strengthening the social function of rural property, and enhancing environmental justice. The specific objectives include: (i) examining the constitutional principles of the economic order and their relationship with environmental protection; (ii) investigating the structure, functioning, and economic foundations of the carbon market in the Brazilian context, with emphasis on Federal Law No. 15.042/2024, which establishes the Brazilian Emissions Trading System (SBCE); and (iii) evaluating how carbon credits can be used in rural areas to generate income, encourage sustainable agricultural practices, and induce environmental conservation. Methodologically, the study is based on bibliographic and documentary research, encompassing academic literature, legislation, institutional reports, and technical documents. This interdisciplinary approach enables a critical and integrated analysis of the relationship among economics, law, and the environment, contributing to a deeper understanding of the role of economic instruments in climate governance and sustainable rural development.ptMercado de carbonoDesenvolvimento ruralPolítica climática