Torkarski, André Pereira Reinert2025-12-092025-12-092025ANDRADE, Lucas Fernandes de. Programas governamentais de fomento para as micro e pequenas empresas - estudo de caso na GoiásFomento. Goiânia (GO), 2025. 52 f. Dissertação (Mestrado Profissional em Direito Constitucional Econômico) - Centro Universitário Alves Faria, 2025.http://repositorio.unialfa.com.br/handle/123456789/681The dissertation examines the effectiveness of the subsidized credit granted by the Goiás Development Agency (GoiásFomento) to micro and small enterprises (MSEs) between 2017 and 2024, in light of the constitutional mandate to reduce regional inequalities inscribed in the Federal Constitution of 1988. The main objective is to verify whether the credit policy fulfills the function of promoting regional economic development; To this end, the legal framework is described, the impacts on business mortality, employment and income are evaluated, and possible advances in social infrastructure are analyzed. A descriptive-explanatory quantitative approach was adopted: descriptive statistics, Pearson's correlation, Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regression, multicollinearity tests (VIF), residual diagnosis, and Granger's causality tests. The results reveal a strong concentration of disbursements in regions with higher GDP per capita and better health and education infrastructure, contrary to the redistributive logic of public policy. The descriptive statistics reinforce the picture of disparities: regions and years exhibit large variances in both income and social indicators. Even so, the causality tests indicate that subsidized credit exerts a positive and statistically significant influence on GDP per capita in subsequent periods (p < 0.001), signaling a propelling effect on regional growth even in a context of poor targeting; There is also a bidirectional relationship between credit and social infrastructure, configuring a virtuous feedback loop. At the microeconomic level, a negative correlation was identified between the volume of credit and corporate default, suggesting mitigation of business mortality, although without robust statistical significance given the sample size. It is concluded that public credit has the potential to boost economic and social development, but requires improvement of the criteria of territorial allocation and integration with business training actions to fully fulfill its constitutional function of reducing inequalities.ptMicro e pequenas empresas (MPE's)Fomento empresarialCrédito subsidiado